import java.util.*;
class Main
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Scanner sc=new Scanner (System.in);
        String s=sc.nextLine();
        if (!s.matches("[()]+"))
        {
            System.out.println("Invalid input");
            return;
        }
        int score=0;
        int depth=0;
        for(int i=0;i<s.length();i++)
        {
            char c=s.charAt(i);
            if(c=='(')
            {
                depth++;
            }
            else
            {
                depth--;
                if(s.charAt(i-1)=='(')
                {
                    score+=(1<<depth);
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.println(score);
    
    }
}