import java.util.scanner;
public class ParenthesesScore{
    public static void main(String[]args){
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in)
        String s=sc.nextline();
        for(char c: s.toCharArray()){
         if( c != '(' && c !=')'){
            System.out.println("Invalid input");
            return;
        }
    }
    int score=0;
    int depth=0;
    for(int i =0;i<s.length();i++){
        if(s.charAt(i)=='('){
            depth++;
        }
        else{
            depth--;
            if(s.charAt(i-1)=='('){
                score+=(1<<depth);
            }
        }
    }
    System.out.println(score);
        }
        }