import java.util.*;
public class ParenthesesScore
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Scanner sc= new Scanner (System.in);
        String  s =sc.nextLine();
        if(!s.matches("[()]+"))
        {
            System.out.println("Invalid input");
            return;
            
        }
        int score = 0;
        int depth = 0;
        for (int i=0;i<s.length();i++)
        {
            char c=s.charAt(i);
            if(c=='(')
            {
                depth++;
                
            }
            else
            {
                depth--;
                if(s.charAt(i-1)=='(')
                {
                    score+=(1<<depth);
                    
                }
                
            }
            
        }
        System.out.println(score);
        
    }
}